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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, October 1999, p. 564-582, Vol. 12, No. 4
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents

Marjorie Murphy Cowan*

Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056

The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and "leads" which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. While 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, none are used as antimicrobials. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions; Western medicine is trying to duplicate their successes. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial properties. This review attempts to summarize the current status of botanical screening efforts, as well as in vivo studies of their effectiveness and toxicity. The structure and antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals are also addressed. Since many of these compounds are currently available as unregulated botanical preparations and their use by the public is increasing rapidly, clinicians need to consider the consequences of patients self-medicating with these preparations.

* Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Middletown Campus, 4200 East University Blvd., Middletown, OH 45042. Phone: (513) 727-3231. Fax: (513) 727-3367. E-mail: cowanmm{at}muohio.edu.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, October 1999, p. 564-582, Vol. 12, No. 4
0893-8512/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Clin. Vaccine Immunol.
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Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.