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Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Oct 1997, 720-741, Vol 10, No. 4
Copyright © 1997 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Helicobacter pylori

BE Dunn, H Cohen and MJ Blaser
Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226- 0509, USA.

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium which causes chronic gastritis and plays important roles in peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. H. pylori has been found in the stomachs of humans in all parts of the world. In developing countries, 70 to 90% of the population carries H. pylori. In developed countries, the prevalence of infection is lower. There appears to be no substantial reservoir of H. pylori aside from the human stomach. Transmission can occur by iatrogenic, fecal-oral, and oral-oral routes. H. pylori is able to colonize and persist in a unique biological niche within the gastric lumen. All fresh isolates of H. pylori express significant urease activity, which appears essential to the survival and pathogenesis of the bacterium. A variety of tests to diagnose H. pylori infection are now available. Histological examination of gastric tissue, culture, rapid urease testing, DNA probes, and PCR analysis, when used to test gastric tissue, all require endoscopy. In contrast, breath tests, serology, gastric juice PCR, and urinary excretion of [15N]ammonia are noninvasive tests that do not require endoscopy. In this review, we highlight advances in the detection of the presence of the organism and methods of differentiating among types of H. pylori, and we provide a background for appropriate chemotherapy of the infection.

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Koehler, C I, Mues, M B, Dienes, H P, Kriegsmann, J, Schirmacher, P, Odenthal, M (2003). Helicobacter pylori genotyping in gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma by multiplex PCR analyses of paraffin wax embedded tissues. Mol. Pathol. 56: 36-42 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Vidakovic, M., Crossnoe, C. R., Neidre, C., Kim, K., Krause, K. L., Germanas, J. P. (2003). Reactivity of Reduced [2Fe-2S] Ferredoxins Parallels Host Susceptibility to Nitroimidazoles. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 302-308 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Alarcon, T., Vega, A. E., Domingo, D., Martinez, M. J., Lopez-Brea, M. (2003). Clarithromycin Resistance among Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Children: Prevalence and Study of Mechanism of Resistance by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 486-499 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Dubreuil, J. D., Giudice, G. D., Rappuoli, R. (2002). Helicobacter pylori Interactions with Host Serum and Extracellular Matrix Proteins: Potential Role in the Infectious Process. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 66: 617-629 [Abstract] [Full Text]
de Vries, N., Duinsbergen, D., Kuipers, E. J., Pot, R. G. J., Wiesenekker, P., Penn, C. W., van Vliet, A. H. M., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E., Kusters, J. G. (2002). Transcriptional Phase Variation of a Type III Restriction-Modification System in Helicobacter pylori. J. Bacteriol. 184: 6615-6623 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Waidner, B., Melchers, K., Ivanov, I., Loferer, H., Bensch, K. W., Kist, M., Bereswill, S. (2002). Identification by RNA Profiling and Mutational Analysis of the Novel Copper Resistance Determinants CrdA (HP1326), CrdB (HP1327), and CzcB (HP1328) in Helicobacter pylori. J. Bacteriol. 184: 6700-6708 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Cao, P., Cover, T. L. (2002). Two Different Families of hopQ Alleles in Helicobacter pylori. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 4504-4511 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Kim, N., Weeks, D. L., Shin, J. M., Scott, D. R., Young, M. K., Sachs, G. (2002). Proteins Released by Helicobacter pylori In Vitro. J. Bacteriol. 184: 6155-6162 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Romero-Gallo, J., Perez-Perez, G. I., Novick, R. P., Kamath, P., Norbu, T., Blaser, M. J. (2002). Responses of Endoscopy Patients in Ladakh, India, to Helicobacter pylori Whole-Cell and CagA Antigens. CVI 9: 1313-1317 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Lai, C.-H., Kuo, C.-H., Chen, Y.-C., Chao, F.-Y., Poon, S.-K., Chang, C.-S., Wang, W.-C. (2002). High Prevalence of cagA- and babA2-Positive Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates in Taiwan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3860-3862 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Schraw, W., Li, Y., McClain, M. S., van der Goot, F. G., Cover, T. L. (2002). Association of Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Toxin (VacA) with Lipid Rafts. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 34642-34650 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gerrits, M. M., de Zoete, M. R., Arents, N. L. A., Kuipers, E. J., Kusters, J. G. (2002). 16S rRNA Mutation-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance in Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 2996-3000 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Shin, J.-H., Yang, M., Nam, S. W., Kim, J. T., Myung, N. H., Bang, W.-G., Roe, I. H. (2002). Use of Egg Yolk-Derived Immunoglobulin as an Alternative to Antibiotic Treatment for Control of Helicobacter pylori Infection. CVI 9: 1061-1066 [Abstract] [Full Text]
Gerrits, M. M., Schuijffel, D., van Zwet, A. A., Kuipers, E. J., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E., Kusters, J. G. (2002). Alterations in Penicillin-Binding Protein 1A Confer Resistance to {beta}-Lactam Antibiotics in Helicobacter pylori. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 2229-2233 [Abstract] [Full Text]

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